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Phillips Petroleum Co. was an American oil company incorporated in 1917 that expanded into petroleum refining, marketing and transportation, natural gas gathering and the chemicals sectors. On August 30, 2002, Conoco Inc. merged with Phillips Petroleum to form ConocoPhillips, becoming the third largest integrated energy company and second-largest refining company in the United States. The company moved its headquarters to Houston.〔Christopher J. Castaneda, .("Phillips Petroleum Company." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. ) Accessed 04 February 2013.〕 In 2012, ConocoPhillips split into two separate companies. The legacy company kept its name, and spun off the midstream and downstream portions of its business. The new company, which owns the refinery, chemical and pipeline assets formerly held in ConocoPhillips, is named Phillips 66, the brand name and trademark used by the original Phillips Petroleum from 1930 until the 2002 ConocoPhillips merger.〔Sebastian, Simone and Emily Pickerell, "ConocoPhillips split becomes official as company 'shrinks to grow'." ''Houston Chronicle'', April 30, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2013.()〕 ==History== It was incorporated 13 June 1917 by brothers Lee Eldas "L.E." and Frank Phillips, of Bartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Their younger brother, Waite Phillips, was the benefactor of Philmont Scout Ranch. The company was headquartered in Bartlesville, Oklahoma.〔"(Who We Are )." Phillips Petroleum Company. January 11, 1998. Retrieved on January 16, 2010.〕〔"(Contact Page )." Phillips Petroleum Company. 20 April 2000. Retrieved on 16 January 2010.〕 Phillips Petroleum rapidly became a fully integrated oil company that included oil and gas production, crude oil pipelines and refineries, and marketing of petroleum products. Phillips Petroleum became heavily involved in the natural gas industry immediately after the discovery of the Panhandle gas field of Texas and the Hugoton field in Kansas. By 1925, it was the largest producer of natural gas liquids (NGL) in the United States.〔 In 1927, Phillips started up its first petroleum refinery in Borger, Texas, designed to produce gasoline as an automotive fuel. The refinery also produced other petroleum fractions (e.g., kerosene, fuel oils). It opened its first service station, to sell gasoline, in Wichita, Kansas on 19 November 1927. In 1930, the company developed its "Phillips 66" trademark: according to company lore, a Phillips official was road-testing the company's newest gasoline, commented that the car was going "like 60" when his driver replied "Sixty nothing ... we're doing 66!", all while driving on U.S. Highway 66 in Oklahoma near Tulsa, resulting in the number 66 superimposed on the U.S. Highway symbol for Route 66.〔〔 P. 104.〕 Frank Phillips served as president of the company until 1938.〔Hitchcock, Doug (August 1983). (The KU-Bartlesville connection ). ''Lawrence Journal-World''. Retrieved 1 August 2013.〕 He then turned over the presidency to Kenneth S. "Boots" Adams, but continued as chairman of the board until 1949, when he was 76 years old. In 1942, the company bought more than 250,000 acres in the Hugoton-Panhandle gas fields and a 25 percent interest in the Panhandle Eastern Pipeline Co.〔 In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court decided the landmark case of ''Phillips Petroleum vs. State of Wisconsin'' which held that under the Natural Gas Act,〔15 U.S.C. 717〕 the federal government should regulate the prices which natural gas producers charge when selling gas at the wellhead.〔348 U.S. 851 (1954)〕 Phillips then divested itself of the Panhandle Eastern Pipeline Interest, but remained a major supplier of natural gas.〔 World War II greatly stimulated the demand for petroleum products, especially high-octane aviation fuel and jet fuel. Phillips turned to technology to increase the octane rating of fuels for use in advanced engines. The company invented an HF alkylation process in 1940.〔Concoco Phillips Corp., "Phillips Company History." Retrieved February 4, 2013.()〕 The American petrochemical industry took off, first making such as styrene, ethylene, propylene and butadiene.〔 After the war, it formed a subsidiary, Phillips Chemical Co., which entered the fertilizer business by producing anhydrous ammonia from natural gas.〔(Encyclopedia.com "Phillips Petroleum Co." Retrieved February 5, 2013 )〕 The company then built a complex on the Houston Ship Channel devoted to making petrochemicals and polymers.〔 During the 1960s, Phillips expanded its international operations, particularly with exploration in Canada, Venezuela, and Colombia. It discovered the Ekofisk gas field in the North Sea in 1969.〔 In 1966, Phillips Petroleum bought Tidewater Oil Co.'s West Coast operations and rebranded its "Flying A" outlets to Phillips 66. In late 1984, Mesa Power LP Co., led by T. Boone Pickens, Jr., attempted a hostile takeover of Phillips Petroleum.〔 Pp. 217–235.〕 Phillips remained an independent company but recapitalized with greater debt. This large debt caused Phillips Petroleum to begin selling many of its assets, including refineries, and led to the 2002 merger with Conoco. Phillips Petroleum Corp. and Chevron Corp. combined their worldwide chemical businesses in 2000 to form a new company, Chevron Phillips Chemical Corp., LLC. This excluded Chevron's oronite additives, which remained with its former parent. Chevron Phillips is headquartered in The Woodlands, Texas.〔Chevron Phillips Chemical Corp. LLC-Overview. Retrieved 04 February 2013.()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phillips Petroleum Company」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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